[Nodejs] Mongoose Virtual Properties

[Nodejs] Mongoose Virtual Properties

什麼是 Virtual Properties

它是 Mongoose 提供的功能之一,Model 可以在 Schema 定義虛擬屬性(Virtual Properties),它並不會被存入資料庫,但是我們可以使用和讀取,這樣做為了可以節省空間

優缺點

  • 優點:節省資料庫空間
  • 缺點:由於Virtual 沒有儲存在資料庫中,因此無法查詢

它的概念其實就是 Vue 裡的 computed 屬性

例如:lastName, firstName,最常看到的範例是 Vue2 computed 設定 lastName, firstName, fullName

如何使用

定義了 tourSchema,在 tourSchema 最後定義完後加上設定 toJSON: { virtuals: true }, toObject: { virtuals: true }

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// 這是最後要加上的設定
toJSON: { virtuals: true }
// 舉例
const mongoose = require('mongoose')

const testSchema = new mongoose.Schema(
{ ...自定義Schema },
{
toJSON: { virtuals: true },
toObject: { virtuals: true },
}
)

設定虛擬屬性

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schema.virtual('定義虛擬屬性名稱').get(function() {
// 這個值要 return 什麼
return 'This is Virtual Properities'
})

在以下程式碼,設定了 durationWeeks,根據 duration / 7 而得來,後面要接的是 callback function

注意:不可用箭頭Function來寫,傳回的值會是 null

❌:get.(() ⇒ { this.duration / 7 })
🆗:get.(function() { return this.duration / 7 })

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tourSchema.virtual('durationWeeks').get(function () {
return this.duration / 7
})

Postman Final Result

完整程式碼

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const mongoose = require('mongoose')

const tourSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
name: {
type: String,
required: [true, 'A tour must have a name'],
unique: true,
trim: true,
},
duration: {
type: Number,
required: [true, 'A tour must hava a duration'],
},
maxGroupSize: {
type: Number,
required: [true, 'A tour must have a group size'],
},
difficulty: {
type: String,
required: [true, 'A tour must have a difficulty'],
},
price: {
type: Number,
required: [true, 'A tour must have a price'],
},
ratingsAverage: {
type: Number,
default: 4.5,
},
ratingsQuantity: {
type: Number,
default: 0,
},
priceDiscount: Number,
summary: {
type: String,
trim: true,
required: [true, 'A tour must have a description'],
},
description: {
type: String,
trim: true,
},
imageCover: {
type: String,
required: [true, 'A tour must have a cover image'],
},
images: [String],
createdAt: {
type: Date,
default: Date.now(),
select: false, // API 永遠不顯示在 Client 端
},
startDates: [Date],
}, {
toJSON: { virtuals: true },
toObject: { virtuals: true },
})

// eslint-disable-next-line func-names
tourSchema.virtual('durationWeeks').get(function () {
return this.duration / 7
})

const Tour = mongoose.model('Tour', tourSchema)

module.exports = Tour

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